HMPV Cases in India: Which
Age Group is Most Affected? Check Complete Guide
India confirmed seven cases of HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) on January 7, 2025. The global community is on high alert following reports of an outbreak in China earlier this week. Health organizations are raising concerns as the situation could escalate into another health emergency akin to COVID-19.
What to Know About the HMPV Outbreak
HMPV outbreaks in parts of China have drawn worldwide attention. First identified in 2001 by researchers in the Netherlands, HMPV has been affecting humans for years.
- China’s Response: The National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention is testing a new protocol for pneumonia cases.
- Winter Infections: China's state broadcaster warned about multiple infections circulating this winter and cautioned against overreliance on antiviral medications.
Who is at Risk from HMPV?
Certain groups are more vulnerable to severe effects of the virus:
1. Young Children
- Infants and toddlers under 5 years are highly susceptible due to immature immune systems.
- HMPV can cause bronchiolitis and pneumonia in this age group.
2. Older Adults
- People aged 65+ face higher risks due to weakened immunity and chronic conditions.
- Complications may include COPD exacerbations or heart failure.
3. Individuals with Chronic Conditions
- Those with asthma, COPD, cardiovascular diseases, or cystic fibrosis are more vulnerable.
4. Immunocompromised Individuals
- Includes patients with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or organ transplants, as well as those on chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs.
5. Hospitalized or Institutionalized Individuals
- Patients in long-term care or hospitals face higher exposure risks.
6. Premature Infants
- Underdeveloped lungs and immature immune systems make premature babies highly susceptible.
7. Smokers
- Smoking weakens the respiratory tract and immune system, increasing the severity of HMPV infections.
Symptoms of HMPV
- Mild Cases: Cough, fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat.
- Severe Cases: Wheezing, breathing difficulties, low oxygen levels, and pneumonia.
Preventive Measures
- Wash hands regularly with soap and water.
- Cover coughs/sneezes with a tissue or elbow.
- Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
- Stay home when feeling unwell.
- Boost immunity with a healthy diet and lifestyle.
- Wear masks in crowded or high-risk settings.
- Protect vulnerable individuals from exposure.
- Children: HMPV accounts for 10–12% of respiratory illnesses in children, per Cleveland Clinic.
- Hospitalizations: Responsible for 5–10% of hospitalizations in children with acute respiratory infections.
- Global Perspective: In China, HMPV ranks 8th among viruses causing acute respiratory infections, with a 4.1% positivity rate compared to influenza's 28.5%.
With HMPV cases rising in India, it’s crucial to focus on preventive
measures, especially for vulnerable groups. Stay informed, practice hygiene,
and prioritize the safety of high-risk individuals.
